The mandate. Minn. Stat. § 216B.1691, subd. 2g, enacted by Laws of Minnesota 2023, ch. 7 (HF 7 / SF 4). The 2030 milestone has two tracks — 80% for investor-owned utilities, 60% for municipals and co-ops. A separate renewable standard requires 55% renewable by 2035; nuclear counts as carbon-free but not as renewable, which is why the two are tracked apart.
The 55%. 2026 Minnesota Energy Factsheet (CEEM / BCSE, from MN Commerce and EIA data), covering 2025. This is the share of electricity generated in Minnesota. The statute is enforced per utility against retail sales to that utility's own Minnesota customers, and the state sits inside MISO, so this is an indicator of the state's trajectory rather than a compliance score. No statewide compliance figure is published, because compliance is not a statewide quantity.
Largest utility. Xcel put its Upper Midwest system at 60% carbon-free in 2023 and has not published an updated share since; its figures since are emissions reductions against a 2005 baseline, which is a different measure and is not plotted here. That system also covers parts of the Dakotas, Wisconsin and Michigan, so it is not a Minnesota-only figure.
Data center load. Nameplate capacity of the 28 non-rejected sites in this map's dataset, at 80% utilisation, against Minnesota's total annual retail sales. It measures how much electricity the buildout wants — not how that electricity is generated, which is the open question, not a settled one.